JavaScript Objects

A javaScript object is an entity having state and behavior (properties and method). For example: car, pen, bike, chair, glass, keyboard, monitor etc.

JavaScript is an object-based language. Everything is an object in JavaScript.

JavaScript is template based not class based. Here, we don’t create class to get the object. But, we direct create objects.

Creating Objects in JavaScript

There are 3 ways to create objects.

1. By object literal
2. By creating instance of Object directly (using new keyword)
3. By using an object constructor (using new keyword)

1) JavaScript Object by object literal

The syntax of creating object using object literal is given below:

object={property1:value1,property2:value2.....propertyN:valueN}  

As you can see, property and value is separated by : (colon).

Let’s see the simple example of creating object in JavaScript.

<script>  

emp={id:102,name:"Shyam Kumar",salary:40000}  

document.write(emp.id+" "+emp.name+" "+emp.salary);  

</script>

Output of the above example

102 Shyam Kumar 40000

2) By creating instance of Object

The syntax of creating object directly is given below:

var objectname=new Object();  

Here, new keyword is used to create object.

Let’s see the example of creating object directly.

<script>  

var emp=new Object();  

emp.id=101;  

emp.name="Ravi Malik";  

emp.salary=50000;  

document.write(emp.id+" "+emp.name+" "+emp.salary);  

</script>

Output of the above example

101 Ravi 50000

3) By using an Object constructor

Here, you need to create function with arguments. Each argument value can be assigned in the current object by using this keyword.

The this keyword refers to the current object.

The example of creating object by object constructor is given below.

<script>  

function emp(id,name,salary){  

this.id=id;  

this.name=name;  

this.salary=salary;  

}  

e=new emp(103,"Vimal Jaiswal",30000);  

  

document.write(e.id+" "+e.name+" "+e.salary);  

</script>

Output of the above example

103 Vimal Jaiswal 30000

Defining method in JavaScript Object

We can define method in JavaScript object. But before defining method, we need to add property in the function with same name as method.

The example of defining method in object is given below.

<script>  

function emp(id,name,salary){  

this.id=id;  

this.name=name;  

this.salary=salary;  

  

this.changeSalary=changeSalary;  

function changeSalary(otherSalary){  

this.salary=otherSalary;  

}  

}  

e=new emp(103,"Sonoo Jaiswal",30000);  

document.write(e.id+" "+e.name+" "+e.salary);  

e.changeSalary(45000);  

document.write("<br>"+e.id+" "+e.name+" "+e.salary);  

</script>

Output of the above example

103 Sonoo Jaiswal 30000
103 Sonoo Jaiswal 45000

JavaScript Object Methods

The various methods of Object are as follows:

S.No	Methods	Description
1	Object.assign()	This method is used to copy enumerable and own properties from a source object to a target object
2	Object.create()	This method is used to create a new object with the specified prototype object and properties.
3	Object.defineProperty()	This method is used to describe some behavioral attributes of the property.
4	Object.defineProperties()	This method is used to create or configure multiple object properties.
5	Object.entries()	This method returns an array with arrays of the key, value pairs.
6	Object.freeze()	This method prevents existing properties from being removed.
7	Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor()	This method returns a property descriptor for the specified property of the specified object.
8	Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors()	This method returns all own property descriptors of a given object.
9	Object.getOwnPropertyNames()	This method returns an array of all properties (enumerable or not) found.
10	Object.getOwnPropertySymbols()	This method returns an array of all own symbol key properties.
11	Object.getPrototypeOf()	This method returns the prototype of the specified object.
12	Object.is()	This method determines whether two values are the same value.
13	Object.isExtensible()	This method determines if an object is extensible
14	Object.isFrozen()	This method determines if an object was frozen.
15	Object.isSealed()	This method determines if an object is sealed.
16	Object.keys()	This method returns an array of a given object’s own property names.
17	Object.preventExtensions()	This method is used to prevent any extensions of an object.
18	Object.seal()	This method prevents new properties from being added and marks all existing properties as non-configurable.
19	Object.setPrototypeOf()	This method sets the prototype of a specified object to another object.
20	Object.values()	This method returns an array of values.