HTML Formatting is a process of formatting text for better look and feel. HTML provides us ability to format text without using CSS. There are many formatting tags in HTML. These tags are used to make text bold, italicized, or underlined. There are almost 14 options available that how text appears in HTML and XHTML.
In HTML the formatting tags are divided into two categories:
- Physical tag: These tags are used to provide the visual appearance to the text.
- Logical tag: These tags are used to add some logical or semantic value to the text.
NOTE: There are some physical and logical tags which may give same visual appearance, but they will be different in semantics.
Here, we are going to learn 14 HTML formatting tags. Following is the list of HTML formatting text.
| Element name | Description |
|---|---|
| <b> | This is a physical tag, which is used to bold the text written between it. |
| <strong> | This is a logical tag, which tells the browser that the text is important. |
| <i> | This is a physical tag which is used to make text italic. |
| <em> | This is a logical tag which is used to display content in italic. |
| <mark> | This tag is used to highlight text. |
| <u> | This tag is used to underline text written between it. |
| <tt> | This tag is used to appear a text in teletype. (not supported in HTML5) |
| <strike> | This tag is used to draw a strikethrough on a section of text. (Not supported in HTML5) |
| <sup> | It displays the content slightly above the normal line. |
| <sub> | It displays the content slightly below the normal line. |
| <del> | This tag is used to display the deleted content. |
| <ins> | This tag displays the content which is added |
| <big> | This tag is used to increase the font size by one conventional unit. |
| <small> | This tag is used to decrease the font size by one unit from base font size. |
1) Bold Text
HTML<b> and <strong> formatting elements
The HTML <b> element is a physical tag which display text in bold font, without any logical importance. If you write anything within <b>…………</b> element, is shown in bold letters.
<p> <b>Write Your First Paragraph in bold text.</b></p> Output:
Write Your First Paragraph in bold text.
The HTML <strong> tag is a logical tag, which displays the content in bold font and informs the browser about its logical importance. If you write anything between <strong>???????. </strong>, is shown important text.
<p><strong>This is an important content</strong>, and this is normal content</p> Output:
This is an important content, and this is normal content
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>formatting elements</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Explanation of formatting element</h1>
<p><strong>This is an important content</strong>, and this is normal content</p>
</body>
</html>2) Italic Text
HTML <i> and <em> formatting elements
The HTML <i> element is physical element, which display the enclosed content in italic font, without any added importance. If you write anything within <i>…………</i> element, is shown in italic letters.
<p> <i>Write Your First Paragraph in italic text.</i></p> Output:
Write Your First Paragraph in italic text.
The HTML <em> tag is a logical element, which will display the enclosed content in italic font, with added semantics importance.
See this example:
<p><em>This is an important content</em>, which displayed in italic font.</p> Output:
This is an important content, which displayed in italic font.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>formatting elements</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Explanation of italic formatting element</h1>
<p><em>This is an important content</em>, which displayed in italic font.</p>
</body>
</html>3) HTML Marked formatting
If you want to mark or highlight a text, you should write the content within <mark>………</mark>.
<h2> I want to put a <mark> Mark</mark> on your face</h2> Output:
I want to put a Mark on your face
4) Underlined Text
If you write anything within <u>………</u> element, is shown in underlined text.
<p> <u>Write Your First Paragraph in underlined text.</u></p> Output:
Write Your First Paragraph in underlined text.
5) Strike Text
Anything written within <strike>…………………..</strike> element is displayed with strikethrough. It is a thin line which cross the statement.
<p> <strike>Write Your First Paragraph with strikethrough</strike>.</p> Output:
Write Your First Paragraph with strikethrough.
6) Monospaced Font
If you want that each letter has the same width then you should write the content within <tt>………….</tt> element.
Note: We know that most of the fonts are known as variable-width fonts because different letters have different width. (for example: ‘w’ is wider than ‘i’). Monospaced Font provides similar space among every letter.
<p>Hello <tt>Write Your First Paragraph in monospaced font.</tt></p> Output:
Hello Write Your First Paragraph in monospaced font.
7) Superscript Text
If you put the content within <sup>…………..</sup> element, is shown in superscript; means it is displayed half a character’s height above the other characters.
<p>Hello <sup>Write Your First Paragraph in superscript.</sup></p> Output:
Hello Write Your First Paragraph in superscript.
8) Subscript Text
If you put the content within <sub>…………..</sub> element, is shown in subscript ; means it is displayed half a character’s height below the other characters.
<p>Hello <sub>Write Your First Paragraph in subscript.</sub></p> Output:
Hello Write Your First Paragraph in subscript.
9) Deleted Text
Anything that puts within <del>……….</del> is displayed as deleted text.
<p>Hello <del>Delete your first paragraph.</del></p> Output:
Hello
10) Inserted Text
Anything that puts within <ins>……….</ins> is displayed as inserted text.
<p> <del>Delete your first paragraph.</del><ins>Write another paragraph.</ins></p> Output:
Delete your first paragraph.Write another paragraph.
11) Larger Text
If you want to put your font size larger than the rest of the text then put the content within <big>………</big>. It increase one font size larger than the previous one.
<p> <del>Delete your first paragraph.</del><ins>Write another paragraph.</ins></p> Output:
Hello Write the paragraph in larger font.
12) Smaller Text
If you want to put your font size smaller than the rest of the text then put the content within <small>………</small>tag. It reduces one font size than the previous one.
<p>Hello <small>Write the paragraph in smaller font.</small></p> Output:
Hello Write the paragraph in smaller font.
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