We can see the syntax of all postgreSQL commands by using help command. Follow the following steps to see the syntax of all commands in postgreSQL.
- After installing postgreSQL, open the psql as:
Program Files > PostgreSQL 9.2 > SQL Shell(psql) - Use the following command to see the syntax of a specific command.
postgres-# \help &<command_name>
All PostgreSQL commands
Here, we are providing a list of all postgreSQL commands and their syntax:
ABORT command:
Syntax:
ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ALTER AGGREGATE command:
Syntax:
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type ) OWNER TO new_owner ALTER CONVERSION command:
Syntax:
ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER DATABASE command:
Syntax:
ALTER DATABASE name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name RESET parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER DOMAIN command:
Syntax:
ALTER DOMAIN name { SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN name { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN name ADD domain_constraint
ALTER DOMAIN name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER DOMAIN name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER FUNCTION command:
Syntax:
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) OWNER TO new_owner ALTER GROUP command:
Syntax:
ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO new_nameALTER INDEX command:
Syntax:
ALTER INDEX name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE indexspace_name
ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name ALTER LANGUAGE command:
Syntax:
ALTER LANGUAGE name RENAME TO new_name ALTER OPERATOR command:
Syntax:
ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } )
OWNER TO new_owner ALTER OPERATOR CLASS command:
Syntax:
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO new_name
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO new_ownerALTER SCHEMA command:
Syntax:
ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO new_ownerALTER SEQUENCE command:
Syntax:
ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ]
[ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ RESTART [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ] ALTER TABLE command:
Syntax:
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name
RENAME TO new_name ALTER TABLESPACE command:
Syntax:
ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER TRIGGER command:
Syntax:
ALTER TRIGGER name ON table RENAME TO new_name ALTER TYPE command:
Syntax:
ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER USER command:
Syntax:
ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
ALTER USER name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER USER name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER name RESET parameter ANALYSE command:
Syntax:
ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ] BEGIN command:
Syntax:
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ] CHECKPOINT command:
Syntax:
CHECKPOINT CLOSE command:
Syntax:
CLOSE name CLUSTER command:
Syntax:
CLUSTER index_name ON table_name
CLUSTER table_name
CLUSTERCOMMIT command:
Syntax:
COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] COPY command:
Syntax:
COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
FROM { 'filename' | STDIN }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ]
COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
TO { 'filename' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ] CREATE AGGREGATE command:
Syntax:
CREATE AGGREGATE name (
BASETYPE = input_data_type,
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
) CREATE CAST command:
Syntax:
CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type)
WITH FUNCTION func_name (arg_types)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER command:
Syntax:
CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name
AFTER events ON
table_name constraint attributes
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_name ( args ) CREATE CONVERSION command:
Syntax:
CREATE [DEFAULT] CONVERSION name
FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM func_name CREATE DATABASE command:
Syntax:
CREATE DATABASE name
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] db_owner ]
[ TEMPLATE [=] template ]
[ ENCODING [=] encoding ]
[ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ] ] CREATE DOMAIN command:
Syntax:
CREATE DOMAIN name [AS] data_type
[ DEFAULT expression ]
[ constraint [ ... ] ]CREATE FUNCTION command:
Syntax:
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION name ( [ [ arg_name ] arg_type [, ...] ] )
RETURNS ret_type
{ LANGUAGE lang_name
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
| AS 'definition'
| AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ] CREATE GROUP command:
Syntax:
CREATE GROUP name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
Where option can be:
SYSID gid
| USER username [, ...] CREATE INDEX command:
Syntax:
CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX name ON table [ USING method ]
( { column | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [, ...] )
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
[ WHERE predicate ] CREATE LANGUAGE command:
Syntax:
CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR val_function ] CREATE OPERATOR command:
Syntax:
CREATE OPERATOR name (
PROCEDURE = func_name
[, LEFTARG = left_type ] [, RIGHTARG = right_type ]
[, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ]
[, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ]
[, HASHES ] [, MERGES ]
[, SORT1 = left_sort_op ] [, SORT2 = right_sort_op ]
[, LTCMP = less_than_op ] [, GTCMP = greater_than_op ]
) CREATE OPERATOR CLASS command:
Syntax:
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type
USING index_method AS
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ] [ RECHECK ]
| FUNCTION support_number func_name ( argument_type [, ...] )
| STORAGE storage_type
} [, ... ] CREATE RULE command:
Syntax:
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE name AS ON event
TO table [ WHERE condition ]
DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | command | ( command ; command ... ) }CREATE SCHEMA command:
Syntax:
CREATE SCHEMA schema_name
[ AUTHORIZATION username ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION username
[ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SEQUENCE command:
Syntax:
CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name
[ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ]
[ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ] CREATE TABLE:
Syntax:
CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name (
{ column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
| table_constraint
| LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } DEFAULTS ] } [, ... ]
)
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ] CREATE TABLE AS command:
Syntax:
CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name
[ (column_name [, ...] ) ] [ [ WITH | WITHOUT ] OIDS ]
AS query CREATE TABLESPACE command:
Syntax:
CREATE TABLESPACE tablespace_name [ OWNER username ] LOCATION 'directory' CRFEATE TRIGGER command:
Syntax:
CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ... ] }
ON table [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_name ( arguments ) CREATE TYPE command:
Syntax:
CREATE TYPE name AS
( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name (
INPUT = input_function,
OUTPUT = output_function
[ , RECEIVE = receive_function ]
[ , SEND = send_function ]
[ , ANALYZE = analyze_function ]
[ , INTERNALLENGTH = { internal_length | VARIABLE } ]
[ , PASSEDBYVALUE ]
[ , ALIGNMENT = alignment ]
[ , STORAGE = storage ]
[ , DEFAULT = default ]
[ , ELEMENT = element ]
[ , DELIMITER = delimiter ]
) CREATE USER command:
Syntax:
CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ] CREATE VIEW command:
Syntax:
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS query DEALLOCATE command:
Syntax:
DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] plan_name DECLARE command:
Syntax:
DECLARE name [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ]
CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR query
[ FOR { READ ONLY | UPDATE [ OF column [, ...] ] } ] DELETE command:
Syntax:
DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] table [ WHERE condition ] DROP AGGREGATE command:
DROP AGGREGATE name ( type ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CAST command:
Syntax:
DROP CAST (source_type AS target_type) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CONVERSION command:
Syntax:
DROP CONVERSION name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP DATABASE command:
Syntax:
DROP DATABASE name DROP DOMAIN command:
Syntax:
DROP DOMAIN name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FUNCTION command:
Syntax:
DROP FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP GROUP command:
Syntax:
DROP GROUP name DROP INDEX command:
Syntax:
DROP INDEX name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP LANGUAGE command:
Syntax:
DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR command:
Syntax:
DROP OPERATOR name ( { left_type | NONE } , { right_type | NONE } )
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR CLASS command:
Syntax:
DROP OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP RULE command:
Syntax:
DROP RULE name ON relation [CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SCHEMA command:
Syntax:
DROP SCHEMA name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SEQUENCE command:
Syntax:
DROP SEQUENCE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLE command:
Syntax:
DROP TABLE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLESPACE command:
Syntax:
DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name DROP TRIGGER command:
Syntax:
DROP TRIGGER name ON table [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TYPE command:
Syntax:
DROP TYPE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP USER command:
Syntax:
DROP USER name DROP VIEW command:
Syntax:
DROP VIEW name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] END command:
Syntax:
END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] EXECUTE command:
Syntax:
EXECUTE plan_name [ (parameter [, ...] ) ] EXPLAIN command:
Syntax:
EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] statement FETCH command:
Syntax:
FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursor_name INSERT command:
Syntax:
INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) | query } LISTEN command:
Syntax:
LISTEN name LOAD command:
Syntax:
LOAD 'filename' LOCK command
Syntax:
LOCK [ TABLE ] name [, ...] [ IN lock_mode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ] MOVE command:
Syntax:
MOVE [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursor_name NOTIFY command:
Syntax:
NOTIFY name PREPARE command:
Syntax:
PREPARE plan_name [ (data_type [, ...] ) ] AS statement REINDEX command:
Syntax:
REINDEX { DATABASE | TABLE | INDEX } name [ FORCE ] RESET command:
Syntax:
RESET name
RESET ALL ROLLBACK command:
Syntax:
ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT command:
Syntax:
ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name SAVEPOINT command:
Syntax:
SAVEPOINT savepoint_name SELECT command:
Syntax:
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ AS output_name ] [, ...]
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start ]
[ FOR UPDATE [ OF table_name [, ...] ] ] SELECT INTO command:
Syntax:
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ AS output_name ] [, ...]
INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start ]
[ FOR UPDATE [ OF table_name [, ...] ] ] SET command:
Syntax:
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] name { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { time_zone | LOCAL | DEFAULT } SET CONSTRAINTS command:
Syntax:
SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | name [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE } SET TRANSACTION command:
Syntax:
SET TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...] SHOW command:
Syntax:
SHOW name
SHOW ALL START TRANSACTION:
Syntax:
START TRANSACTION [ transaction_mode [, ...] ] TRUNCATE TABLE command:
Syntax:
TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] name UPDATE command:
Syntax:
UPDATE [ ONLY ] table SET column = { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...]
[ FROM from_list ]
[ WHERE condition ]
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